Isolation And Identification Of Pathogenic Bacteria From Diabetic Ulcer In Aba Metropolis

ABSTRACT

Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the microbial profile of diabetic foot ulcer in patients in Aba metropolis. Swap samples were collected from twenty patients with diabetic foot ulcers and all yielded growth of bacteria organism. Samples were processed by standard microbiological methods such as microscopy, culture and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion technique. The total number of isolates obtained in this study was 42.While 30(71.3%) were gram negative and 12(28.5%) were gram positive. The most frequently isolated organism in this study was Escherichia coli (40.4%) followed by S. aureus and Proteus (19.0%) each, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%), Strept. spp, klebsiella and COANS (4.7%). The percentage of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) among E.coli isolates was 35.2% and its percentage among all the gram negative organism was 20%. Almost all the isolates showed resistance against most of the narrow spectrum antibiotics tested like Cotrimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Amoxillin. No methicillin resistance S. aureus was encountered. Proper management of diabetic wound infection with appropriate antibiotic is very important.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page

Title page ﾿ i

Certification ﾿ ii

Dedication ﾿ iii

Acknowledgment ﾿ iv

Table of content ﾿ v-vi

List of tables ﾿ vii

Abstract ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction ﾿ 1

1.1 Aim of the study ﾿ 3

1.2 Objectives of the study ﾿ 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review ﾿ 4

2.1 Risk factors associated with diabetic ulcer ﾿ 5

2.2 Pathophysiology ﾿ 5

2.3 Altered metabolism ﾿ 7

2.4 Impaired no synthesis ﾿ 8

2.5 Structural and functional changes in fibroblasts ﾿ 8

2.6 Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity ﾿ 9

2.7 Footwear ﾿ 10

CHAPTER THTREE

3.0 Materials and methods ﾿ 11

3.1 Collection of samples ﾿ 11

3.2 Sterilization of materials ﾿ 11

3.3 Preparation of media ﾿ 11

3.4 Cultivation of isolates ﾿ 11

3.5 Subculturing of the isolates ﾿ 12

3.6.0 Identification and characterization of isolates ﾿ 12

3.6.1 Gram staining ﾿ 12

3.6.2 Motility test ﾿ 13

3.6.3 Biochemical test ﾿ 13

3.6.3.1 Catalase test ﾿ 13

3.6.3.2 Urease test ﾿ 13

3.6.3.3 Indole test ﾿ 14

3.6.3.5 Methy red-Voges Proskauer test ﾿ 14

3.6.3.6 Citrate utilization test ﾿ 14

3.6.3.7 Tripple sugar iron agar ﾿ 15

3.6.4 Sensitivity ﾿ 15

3.6.5 Procedure for extended beta lactamases ﾿ 16

3.6.6 Phenotypic confirmation test ﾿ 16

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result ﾿ 17

4.1 Table 1 ﾿ 1 7                                                                                                                                    4.2 Table 2 ﾿ 18

4.3 Table 3 ﾿ 19

4.4 Table 4 ﾿ 21

4.5 Table 5 ﾿ 22

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Discussion ﾿ 23

5.1 Conclusion ﾿ 24

5.2 Recommendation ﾿ 24

References