Comparative Study Of Physicochemical Characteristics Of Borehole And Production Water In Three Pharmaceutical Companies In Lagos State

 ABSTRACT

 Borehole and production water is water safe enough to be consumed by humans or used with low risk of immediate or long term harm and for production. Water samples collected from three different pharmaceutical companies (Swiss pharmaceutical company,  pharmaceutical company and Mopson pharmaceutical company) were subjected to physicochemical  and microbiological analysis using  to evaluate the quality. The results showed that pH, alkalinity, sodium, potassium, nickel, cadmium, zinc, iron, dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand  of all the  water samples are in conformity with the WHO limits while vanadium and chromium were not detected in the samples. The production water samples were within the standards for consumable water and so are considered safe for human consumption and drug production.The microbiological analyses were conducted  for  the following parameters: total bacterial count, total fungal count, total coliforms, Escherichia coli and vibrio count and it passed test and  is recommended for production of drugs and also for human consumption. Finally, from the test carried out, there is no much difference in quality between the borehole and production water in the three pharmaceutical companies but water samples from Swiss pharmaceutical is assumed best.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ﾿ i

CERTIFICATION PAGE ﾿ iii

DEDICATION ﾿ iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ﾿ v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ﾿ vi

ABSTRACT ﾿ viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 ﾿ Sources of water ﾿ 3

1.3 ﾿ Importance of water ﾿ 5

1.4 ﾿ Water pollution ﾿ 8

1.4.1 ﾿ Control of water pollution ﾿ 9

1.5 ﾿ Water quality ﾿ 10

1.6 ﾿ Borehole water ﾿ 11

1.7      Objectives of the work ﾿ 12

1.8 ﾿ Sampling ﾿ 13

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

 2.0 ﾿ LITERATURE REVIEW ﾿ 14

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 ﾿ Sample locations ﾿ 21

3.2 ﾿ Sample collection and preparation ﾿ 21

3.3 ﾿ Method of analysis ﾿ 22

3.4 ﾿ Determination of physicochemical parameters ﾿ 23

3.5 ﾿ Microbiological analysis ﾿ 27

3.6 ﾿ Metal content determination ﾿ 28

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS

4.0 ﾿ Results ﾿ 31

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 ﾿ Discussion ﾿ 32

5.2 ﾿ Conclusion ﾿ 33

5.3 ﾿ Recommendation ﾿ 34

﾿ REFERENCES ﾿ 37